Performance Improvement Quarterly (PIQ) is a peer-reviewed journal published by the International Society for Performance Improvement. The total of PIQ is to stimulate professional discussion and advance the interdisciplinary field of human performance technology (HPT) through the publications of scholarly works. Human performance may be defined as the valued results produced by people working within a system. The HPT field seeks to integrate and expand the methods, processes, and findings of other disciplines as they relate to solving problems and realizing opportunities in human performance. HPT work focuses on valued, measured results; considers the larger system context of people's performance; and provides valid and reliable measures of effectiveness. HPT is applied to the performance of individuals, groups, and organizations.